Electricity prices - Poland

Polish Electricity Market Overview

Primary Electricity Sources in Poland

Poland’s electricity generation in 2025 is still dominated by fossil fuels, though renewable sources have grown significantly. The main generation sources and their contributions are as follows:

• Coal: Coal (both hard coal and lignite) remains the largest source of electricity. In 2024, coal-fired power plants produced roughly 57–58% of Poland’s electricity. This is a marked decline from about 70% in 2022, reflecting a steady downward trend. As of early 2025, coal’s share continues to fall – for the first time ever, coal dropped below 50% of generation in a single month (49.4% in April 2025). Poland’s major coal-fired stations (mainly using domestic coal) still provide baseload power, but their role is diminishing due to rising renewables and EU climate policies. Coal remains the backbone of the system, but its dominance is waning.

• Renewables: Renewable energy sources now contribute about 30% of Poland’s electricity. This is a record high – the share of renewables rose from 26% in 2023 to about 29–30% in 2024. The largest renewable sources are wind and solar power, which have expanded rapidly. Poland has built significant wind farm capacity (around 9.5 GW of wind installed by end-2024) and a booming solar photovoltaic sector (14.6 GW installed by 2024). These two sources now account for the bulk of renewables generation. For example, wind and solar together made up ~26% of generation in 2024. Other renewables include biomass and hydropower, but these are relatively small (Poland’s hydro capacity is ~2.4 GW including pumped storage). In April 2025, thanks to very high solar and wind output and low demand, renewables briefly supplied 34.2% of Poland’s electricity. The Polish government has set ambitious targets to further increase renewable generation (aiming for ~56% by 2030).

• Natural Gas: Gas-fired power plants play a smaller but growing role in the generation mix. Gas provided on the order of 10% or less of electricity in recent years, but its share has been rising as new high-efficiency gas units come online. Notably, gas-fired generation jumped by over 40% in 2023 (compared to 2022), as falling fuel prices and the flexibility of gas plants made them more competitive. By 2024, gas accounted for a higher fraction of generation (helping to replace some coal output). Still, natural gas remains a supplementary source used mainly for balancing and peak load – coal and renewables far exceed it in total output. Gas plants are valued for their quick ramping ability to balance intermittent renewables, and their role is expected to expand moderately as Poland seeks to reduce coal use.

• Imports: Poland also imports electricity at times to meet demand or take advantage of cheaper power from neighbors. Net imports typically cover only a small percentage of consumption (on the order of a few percent annually). In 2024, Poland’s net electricity imports were around 2–3 TWh (roughly 1–2% of demand) as domestic generation (166.99 TWh) was slightly below consumption (168.96 TWh). The country is interconnected with Germany, Sweden, Czechia, Slovakia, Lithuania and others, allowing cross-border trading on the European market. Imports often increase when Polish wholesale prices are high (due to expensive coal fuel or CO₂ costs) and decline when domestic power is cheaper. Overall, while Poland historically was a net exporter, it has recently become a net importer of electricity, though imports remain a relatively minor portion of the supply mix.

• Nuclear: Poland currently has no nuclear power in its electricity mix – there are no active nuclear plants as of 2025. The Polish government is, however, pursuing a nuclear energy program to diversify away from coal. Plans call for the first large-scale nuclear power plant (using U.S. or European reactor technology) to begin operation around 2033, with a capacity of ~1–1.6 GW per unit and additional units to follow. As of 2025, this project is in development (site selection, financing and design are underway), but nuclear energy does not yet contribute to generation. Thus, the 2025 electricity mix contains effectively 0% nuclear, with the gap filled by other sources. Once nuclear plants come online in the 2030s, they are intended to provide emissions-free baseload power and further reduce reliance on coal.

(In summary, Poland’s 2025 power generation is roughly ~55–60% coal, ~30% renewables, ~10% gas, and a small balance from imports/others. Coal is still the single largest source but is declining, while wind and solar are quickly growing. Natural gas is expanding as a flexible source, and imports play a limited balancing role. Nuclear power is not yet part of the mix.)

Retail Electricity Price Formation for End Customers

Electricity prices for end users in Poland (both households and businesses) are composed of several components. The final price on a customer’s bill includes energy generation costs, network tariffs, taxes, and regulated charges, as well as any applicable subsidies or price caps. The formation of the end-user electricity price can be understood as follows:

• Energy (Generation/Supply Cost): This is the wholesale cost of electricity and the supplier’s margin. It reflects the cost of generating or purchasing power from the market. In a competitive market, suppliers buy electricity on the Polish Power Exchange (TGE) or via bilateral contracts and then sell it to consumers. For most customers, the energy price portion has traditionally been a fixed rate per kWh (often set in a supplier’s tariff or contract). For households on standard plans, this rate was historically regulated by the Energy Regulatory Office (URE) – the regulator approved the tariffs of default suppliers for group G (residential) customers. In 2025, many small consumers still pay a government-capped energy price (see subsidies below). Larger business customers usually pay an energy price based on market rates (often negotiated or indexed to wholesale prices). Overall, the generation cost portion typically accounts for roughly 40–60% of the total bill in normal times, but this can vary. It is influenced by factors like fuel costs (coal, gas), CO₂ emission costs (EU ETS), and the balance of supply and demand on the market.

• Network Tariffs (Grid Fees): These are the charges for transmission and distribution of electricity from power plants to consumers. They are regulated and set by the URE for each utility. Network charges include a fixed monthly charge and per-kWh charges for using the grid. For example, bills list fees such as the distribution fee (opłata dystrybucyjna), which may have a fixed component and a variable component based on energy used. They also include a transmission or network charge (sometimes called “quality charge” or network maintenance fee) to cover the high-voltage grid costs. These fees fund the operation and maintenance of power lines, transformers, and other infrastructure. Network tariffs are uniform within each region and do not depend on the energy supplier – if a customer switches supplier, the grid fees remain the same (since the local distribution company still delivers the power). For household consumers (low-voltage, tariff group G), distribution fees are typically a significant portion of the bill. Industrial users connected at higher voltage levels have different tariff groups (B, C, or A) with different fee structures (they may pay capacity-based charges for reserved capacity and lower per-kWh rates). In all cases, network charges are regulated by law and updated periodically by URE. In 2025, network fees have actually seen some relief: notably, the capacity fee (opłata mocowa) – a surcharge introduced in 2021 to fund Poland’s capacity market – was set to 0 zł for the first half of 2025. This temporary suspension of the capacity fee (from January 1 to June 30, 2025) reduces bills for all users during that period. The capacity fee is expected to return thereafter (it normally adds a few to several złotys per month for households, depending on usage profile). Other small charges on the distribution side can include an RES fee (opłata OZE) to support renewable energy and a cogeneration fee (opłata kogeneracyjna) to support high-efficiency cogeneration. These are set at a few złotys per MWh. There was also historically an transition fee (opłata przejściowa) related to past power purchase agreements; it exists on bills at a very token level (only grosze per month for households). All these network and system charges together typically make up roughly 1/3 to 1/2 of a household bill. They are uniform and regulated, not subject to competition.

• Taxes: Two taxes apply to electricity in Poland. First, VAT (Value Added Tax) is applied on the entire bill amount. The standard VAT rate on electricity is 23% (after a temporary cut to 5% in 2022, the rate returned to 23%). This VAT is paid by residential customers as a final consumption tax; business customers also pay it on bills but can usually deduct it as input VAT, so it’s not a cost for VAT-registered firms. Second, there is a small excise tax on electricity. The excise duty is 5 zł/MWh, which equals 0.005 zł/kWh (half a grosz per kWh). This excise tax is added to the net price of energy. For a household, 5 zł/MWh is very small (0.5 groszy per kWh). For example, the regulated household price cap of 500 zł/MWh is net of taxes – with excise and VAT, it becomes about 621.2 zł/MWh gross (0.6212 zł/kWh). Both VAT and excise are standard nationwide. Industrial users in certain sectors might have excise exemptions or refunds (e.g. if electricity is used in metallurgical processes, etc.), but generally most end-users pay these taxes. Overall, taxes can add roughly 20–25% on top of the pretax price (23% VAT plus the negligible excise).

• Regulatory Charges and Levies: In addition to network tariffs, Poland’s bills include a few government-mandated surcharges to support energy policy objectives. We already mentioned the capacity market fee (currently 0 zł for H1 2025) and the RES and cogeneration fees (on the order of a few złotys per MWh). These are usually itemized on bills (often grouped under “opłaty państwowe” – state-imposed fees). Their levels are set by the regulator or ministry each year. For instance, if the RES support fund needs revenue, the RES fee might be set (in past years it has been on the order of 2–4 zł/MWh). If the fund has surplus (e.g. from sale of green certificates), the fee could be low or zero. Opłata przejściowa (transitional fee) was largely eliminated by 2021 reforms, remaining only as a token charge for legacy contract compensation, as noted. Opłata jakościowa (quality charge) is essentially part of the transmission tariff (ensuring quality parameters of power). These regulated charges ensure that costs of grid stability, renewable subsidies, and capacity payments are recovered from all consumers. While individually small, together they can amount to several percent of the bill. It’s worth noting that household tariffs in Poland remain semi-regulated – the URE must approve the base energy tariffs of the incumbent suppliers each year (unless the customer has switched to a free-market contract). This regulatory oversight indirectly controls the generation cost component for many consumers, ensuring it reflects justified costs. For businesses, energy prices are unregulated (market-based), but they equally pay the regulated network and policy charges.

• Subsidies and Price Caps (2023–2025): In response to the Europe-wide energy crisis and surging electricity prices in 2022–2023, the Polish government implemented protective measures that continue into 2025. Most importantly, the government froze retail electricity prices for certain consumers by law. In 2023–2024, there was a program of capped prices up to certain consumption thresholds (“limit zużycia prądu”) – households paid a lower price for an annual volume (2000 kWh for most families, higher limits for large families, farmers, etc.), and above that usage, higher rates applied. That mechanism expired in July 2024. For 2025, Poland moved to a simpler universal price cap system. From 1 January 2025 through 30 September 2025, household electricity prices are capped by law at 0.50 zł/kWh net (500 zł/MWh). This equates to 0.62 zł/kWh gross (including VAT and excise). The cap applies to all residential consumers (tariff group G) regardless of consumption volume. Suppliers charge no more than this maximum price for energy. The government covers the difference by compensating suppliers from the state budget (the scheme’s cost is estimated at ~5.6 billion zł). Households do not need to file any application – the price cap is applied automatically on bills. This “max cena” (maximum price) policy, enacted by a law signed 10 December 2024, ensures that electricity prices for households remain at 2023 levels through Q3 2025. As Prime Minister Donald Tusk stated, “Electricity prices will not increase in 2025. We are freezing them for nine months”. The law allows the possibility to extend the freeze beyond September if needed. It’s important to note that this cap of 0.50 zł/kWh covers the energy component only (excluding taxes). Customers still pay the distribution fees and taxes on top of the capped energy price, but those have also seen some relief (like the 0 zł capacity charge mentioned). For other consumer groups, the 2025 policy is more limited. Small businesses (SMEs) and farms had price caps in 2023–24 (e.g. ~785 zł/MWh in 2023), but those were not extended into 2025. As of 2025, commercial customers pay market prices unless they are on a legacy fixed contract. However, certain public institutions are still supported: municipal authorities and sensitive public entities (like schools, hospitals, local governments) get a capped price of 0.693 zł/kWh net for Q1 2025. They had to submit a declaration to receive this price by Jan 31, 2025. After March 31, 2025, even those institutions return to market rates unless new measures are introduced. In summary, households are the primary beneficiaries of ongoing price regulation in 2025, ensuring affordability and shielding them from volatile wholesale prices. Industrial and business consumers largely face market-driven prices (with the exception of some public sector support). These subsidies and caps are extraordinary measures; absent them, retail prices would be higher given Poland’s high generation costs and 2022’s price spike. The government introduced them to fight inflation and protect consumers, and the result is that Polish household electricity bills in 2025 remain similar to 2022 levels (around 0.62 zł/kWh brutto), which is below many EU countries’ levels. It’s worth noting that if a household opts out of the standard tariff (e.g. by signing a dynamic pricing contract – see next section), they lose the protection of the price cap and instead pay full market-indexed prices. Thus, most households have an incentive to stay on the capped offering through September 2025.

Residential vs. Industrial Pricing: In Poland, household customers (tariff groups G, such as G11 for single-rate, G12 for day/night) traditionally pay according to tariffs that are either state-capped or approved by URE. Their bills are comprehensive: they pay a bundled rate covering energy and all charges, typically via their chosen supplier (often the incumbent utility for their region, unless they switched). Commercial and industrial customers, on the other hand, usually have liberalized contracts. Larger businesses (tariff groups B, C for medium voltage or low voltage business, and group A for high voltage) often negotiate prices directly with suppliers or buy power on the wholesale market via traders. They may pay an energy price indexed to the TGE exchange prices (monthly/quarterly averages or spot), or a fixed price based on a contract. These customers still pay the regulated network tariffs and must pay the same taxes (though VAT is reclaimable for them). One difference is that big industrial users can sometimes get individual tariff arrangements for distribution if they are connected to the transmission grid (to reflect their load profile) or participate in demand response programs. But by and large, the components of the bill are similar for all user categories – energy, network, taxes, fees – but the proportions and pricing mechanisms differ. For example, a steel mill might pay a lower unit network charge by being on high voltage, but will have a higher fixed demand charge each month for its contracted capacity. A household has no demand charge but pays higher unit network fees. Importantly, since January 2024 Poland mandates that all household contracts must be comprehensive (combined supply + distribution), simplifying billing – businesses likewise usually have one combined bill. In short, households in 2025 enjoy regulated/capped energy prices, while businesses are mostly exposed to market prices, but both groups pay the regulated network and policy costs. The government’s ongoing subsidies for households are a temporary measure to keep bills around 0.62 zł/kWh gross; absent these, Polish retail prices would be higher due to the country’s high generation costs (Poland’s power is among the most carbon-intensive in the EU, which has translated into high wholesale prices in recent years). As Poland’s energy mix evolves (more renewables, less coal) and if wholesale prices stabilize, these price interventions may be phased out. Until then, the structure above remains in effect, ensuring transparency of each component on consumer bills and some degree of price stability for end users.

Dynamic Electricity Tariffs in Poland

Poland introduced dynamic electricity tariffs for consumers in 2024, opening up a new way for customers to buy power at prices that vary hourly based on the market. Dynamic tariffs (umowy z ceną dynamiczną) are pricing plans where the electricity rate fluctuates in real time (hour by hour) according to wholesale market prices, rather than being fixed in advance. Below is an overview of how these tariffs work, their linkage to the energy market, and the regulatory framework governing them in 2025:

• How Dynamic Tariffs Work: Under a dynamic pricing contract, the price you pay for each kilowatt-hour changes every hour, reflecting the actual price on the power exchange for that hour. Specifically, Polish dynamic tariffs are typically tied to the Day-Ahead Market (RDN) on the Towarowa Giełda Energii (TGE), which is the Polish Power Exchange. The day-ahead market sets an hourly price for each hour of the next day, based on bids and offers from producers and traders. If you are on a dynamic tariff, those hourly prices (in PLN per MWh or zł/kWh) form the basis of what you are charged for the energy component. In practice, each afternoon (around 2 PM–4 PM), TGE publishes the clearing prices for each hour of the following day. These prices are publicly available – for instance, consumers can see the next day’s hourly price profile on TGE’s website or via their supplier’s portal. Knowing the prices a day in advance allows customers to plan their usage: for example, run appliances when prices will be low (e.g. late at night or when it’s very windy/sunny), and avoid heavy usage when prices will be high (e.g. early evening peak). If prices ever go negative (which can happen during excess wind/solar output), a true dynamic pass-through would mean consumers get paid to use energy at that hour – however, as discussed below, some suppliers may exclude negative pricing in their terms. In essence, a dynamic tariff turns the retail price into a direct function of wholesale market fluctuations: it’s real-time pricing (with a one-day notice). Consumers are billed based on their actual consumption each hour multiplied by that hour’s price. This requires that the consumer have a smart meter capable of recording hourly (or 15-minute) usage and communicating it for billing. Poland is rolling out such smart meters nationwide – about 35% of consumers were to have them by end of 2024, including essentially all prosumers (solar rooftop owners). Dynamic tariffs can, in concept, even use 15-minute prices (from the intra-day or balancing market) as the smart metering infrastructure develops. However, as of 2025, most offers use hourly day-ahead prices as the basis. The result is that the price you pay per kWh might be, for example, 0.20 zł in one hour and 1.00 zł in another hour on the same day, if the wholesale market has deep lows and peaks. Customers on dynamic plans thus experience high volatility: they can achieve very cheap power when there is surplus generation (windy nights, etc.), but they risk paying very expensive rates during scarcity (e.g. a windless winter evening). It puts the onus on the consumer to respond to price signals – by shifting consumption to cheap periods – in order to save money. If they don’t or can’t shift usage, they may end up with higher bills than on a flat-rate plan. Suppliers often emphasize that dynamic pricing is suitable for active, well-informed customers who understand the market risks.

• Link to Electricity Markets (TGE): The dynamic tariffs are explicitly linked to TGE’s market prices. The standard formula is pegged to the TGE day-ahead hourly spot price each hour. For example, if the TGE price for 7:00–8:00 is 500 zł/MWh (0.50 zł/kWh), that’s the base price the customer pays for that hour’s consumption. These prices are determined by supply and demand on the exchange – typically high during weekday peaks (morning and early evening) and low overnight and on windy/sunny midday hours. TGE publishes the hourly price schedule daily in the afternoon, and suppliers make these accessible to their dynamic tariff customers. Some suppliers have created online tools or mobile apps to check current and next-day prices. For instance, Energa provides next-day 15-minute interval prices by 17:00 each day through their customer portal (Energa24). Similarly, Tauron on its website links directly to TGE’s price table for the day. This transparency lets consumers see and react to price movements. The law also allows the dynamic price to be based on intraday market quotations if offered – intraday prices could theoretically be used (with 15-min granularity), but currently day-ahead is the main reference. It’s important to note that while the price is tied to the exchange, suppliers may add a markup or fees. Typically, a dynamic tariff contract will specify a formula like “Price = TGE hourly price + X” (where X is a fixed adder or commission). For example, Tauron’s dynamic offer mentions a “składnik cenotwórczy” (price-forming component) added on top of the wholesale price. This is essentially the supplier’s margin and cost recovery, since they still handle billing and balancing. Some suppliers also charge a monthly fee for dynamic plans (often called an “opłata handlowa” – trading/service fee) to cover the cost of managing hourly data and risk. For instance, one supplier’s dynamic plan includes a monthly fee of around 18.45 zł (with e-invoice). Another example: PGE’s dynamic offer has a 50 zł/month fee, waived if the customer opts for electronic billing. These fees vary by supplier (as detailed in the next section). Additionally, some suppliers set bounds on the prices: the URE has noted that suppliers are not obliged to strictly pass through every exchange price – they can exclude negative prices or apply caps as long as the method is clearly stated. This means if the wholesale price goes negative or extremely high, a supplier might floor it at 0 or cap it to protect themselves or the customer. The dynamic contract must have a transparent formula explaining how prices are derived. In sum, dynamic tariffs are market-indexed contracts: they directly link the retail rate to TGE’s hourly market, giving consumers a price signal identical to what large power traders see.

• Regulation and Legal Framework: The availability of dynamic tariffs in Poland is the result of a legal mandate implemented in 2024. The change stems from the EU Electricity Market Directive (2019/944) which requires Member States to enable consumers with smart meters to have dynamic pricing options. Poland was somewhat late to adopt this, but in 2023 a major amendment to the Energy Law was passed (the “long-awaited amendment”) that, among many reforms, introduced dynamic pricing contracts into Polish law. Effective 24 August 2024, every electricity retailer serving >200,000 customers is obligated to offer a dynamic price contract to interested consumers. In practice, this means the big five incumbent suppliers (PGE, Tauron, Enea, Energa, and E.ON – see next section) had to prepare at least one dynamic tariff offer for household consumers by that date. The Energy Regulatory Office (URE) has provided guidance and oversight for this rollout. URE’s communications stress that dynamic pricing is optional and targeted at informed consumers. The law defines umowa z ceną dynamiczną formally as a contract where price varies at least as frequently as the imbalance settlement period (currently 15 minutes) following market prices. Eligibility: To sign up, a customer must have a remotely read smart meter enabled for hourly metering. The distribution grid operators are in the process of installing these across Poland (with a goal of 80% coverage by 2028). If a customer doesn’t yet have one but wants dynamic pricing, they have the right to request a smart meter (and may have to cover the installation cost in the interim). Supplier obligations: Retailers must provide the dynamic tariff as a choice, but they are not allowed to automatically switch anyone to it without consent. Moreover, the law and URE guidelines require suppliers to educate and inform customers about the risks. The URE President explicitly required that suppliers give clear, transparent information on how the costs and benefits of dynamic pricing work, and the potential for higher bills if the consumer does not adjust usage. Suppliers have published brochures and websites explaining dynamic tariffs, and URE itself published an informational booklet for consumers. Regulatory oversight: The regulator (URE) is monitoring the implementation closely. URE will publish an annual report on the dynamic pricing segment of the market, assessing how it is functioning and whether consumers are benefiting. This is to ensure transparency and to observe if any abuses or issues arise. Exiting price caps: One notable regulatory point – if a household on the government’s price freeze (500 zł/MWh cap) chooses to enter a dynamic contract, they forego the cap. The law introducing the cap explicitly states that the capped price (which was introduced by the so-called Energy Price Freeze Acts of 2022–2024) does not apply to energy sold under a dynamic pricing agreement. In other words, dynamic tariff customers are exposed fully to market highs and lows, with no government compensation. This is communicated to consumers as one of the “risks” – for example, PGE’s dynamic tariff factsheet warns that taking the dynamic offer “excludes the application of the maximum price in settlements”, meaning the customer is not protected by the PLN 500/MWh freeze. This is a deliberate policy choice: the idea is that one cannot have both the flexibility of market pricing and the safety of a price cap. Legal framework: The dynamic tariffs were enabled by the Act of 27 April 2023 amending the Energy Law (which transposed the EU directive). The specific provisions on dynamic pricing came into force in August 2024. Additionally, there are secondary regulations about data communication (the Central Energy Market Information System, or CSIRE, which is being launched to handle data exchange and switching). By July 2025, Poland aims to enable 24-hour switching of suppliers thanks to CSIRE, which complements the dynamic pricing world by allowing consumers to easily switch contracts if they find a better deal. Consumer protection: The law also emphasizes consumer rights – dynamic contracts must be clearly explained and consumers have the right to revert to a standard tariff if they prefer (subject to contract terms). Because the dynamic prices can be volatile, the government is cautious about portraying them as a solution for everyone. URE’s president Rafał Gawin noted that dynamic tariffs “offer possible cost savings but on condition that we know how to use it”, requiring understanding of price drivers and ability to shift load. Thus, the regulatory stance is to allow innovation like dynamic pricing but accompany it with education and oversight.

Overall, dynamic tariffs in Poland as of 2025 represent a new, market-driven option primarily for tech-savvy residential consumers and for businesses who want to actively manage energy use. They link retail prices directly to TGE wholesale prices on an hourly basis, enabled by smart metering. The regulatory framework – borne out of EU requirements – ensures that all major suppliers offer such contracts, while also safeguarding consumers through transparency, information, and the ability to opt out. It’s a fledgling development: initial uptake has reportedly been low (many consumers are hesitant to leave the comfort of fixed or capped prices). But dynamic tariffs are expected to grow in importance as more renewables enter the grid (creating more price variability) and as smart home technologies (like EV chargers, heat pumps, batteries) allow users to respond to price signals automatically. In time, dynamic pricing can empower consumers to benefit from cheap green electricity at off-peak times and reduce strain on the grid during peaks. In summary, Poland’s legal and market framework in 2025 fully supports dynamic electricity pricing, making it one of the first in the region to roll this out at scale to households, in line with broader EU energy market integration goals.

Major Electricity Suppliers Offering Dynamic Tariffs

By law, all large energy suppliers in Poland must offer dynamic pricing contracts as of 2024. The major incumbent electricity suppliers – typically the retail arms of Poland’s big energy groups – have introduced dynamic tariff products for both residential and business customers. Below is a list of the key suppliers and their dynamic tariff offerings (with links to their tariff information pages):

• PGE (Polska Grupa Energetyczna): PGE is the largest power supplier in Poland and has introduced “Dynamiczna energia z PGE” for households. This is a dynamic pricing offer where the rate changes every 60 minutes following TGE market prices. PGE highlights that unlike fixed-price plans, the dynamic price can vary hour by hour, adapting to market fluctuations. The contract is open-ended (no fixed term) and requires a smart meter. PGE’s website cautions customers about the risks (price unpredictability, need for active management) and benefits (chance to lower bills by shifting usage). Notably, PGE states that accepting the dynamic offer means the government price cap will not apply to you. PGE charges a monthly fee (reported as 50 zł, but waived if you use e-invoice) for this service. For business clients, PGE likely offers a similar dynamic product (often large clients have custom contracts; PGE’s dynamic pricing concept can be extended to them as well).

• Tauron: Tauron (one of the big four energy companies, serving southern Poland) launched dynamic tariffs for both homes and firms. For households, Tauron’s offering (sometimes referred to simply as “Ceny dynamiczne” by Tauron) follows day-ahead exchange prices and became available from 24 August 2024, in line with the legal mandate. Tauron’s site explains that under this contract you pay according to hourly RDN prices and your usage in each hour, instead of a flat rate. Tauron provides a link for customers to check daily TGE prices easily. They add a “price-forming component” (a small markup) to the exchange prices as specified in their price list. For businesses, Tauron offers dynamic pricing to SMEs as well – they have a product for small and medium enterprises (and even micro businesses) with smart meters, advertised on their website under “Ceny dynamiczne dla firm”. Tauron’s dynamic tariff has been noted as relatively consumer-friendly, with a moderate monthly fee (~34 zł) and the inclusion of negative prices (Tauron indicated it would honor negative hourly prices, effectively paying the wholesale rate to customers when applicable, which some others do not). Tauron even worked on a special distribution tariff G14 for prosumers using dynamic rates (a four-zone dynamic distribution tariff) – an innovation by Tauron Dystrybucja to align network fees with real-time usage. Overall, Tauron’s dynamic offer has been highlighted as one of the more attractive ones for consumers by analysts.

• Enea: Enea (based in west-central Poland) offers dynamic pricing under the name “ENERGIA+ Spot Dynamiczny” (for businesses) and a dynamic option for households as well. Enea’s dynamic contract pegs the settlement price to hourly RDN prices on TGE, allowing customers to plan usage around known prices. Enea emphasizes transparency – their dynamic product uses a clear formula tied to exchange quotes. They do, however, impose a noticeable trade fee. Initially, Enea’s dynamic tariff gained notoriety for a very high proposed fee (a press report mentioned 209 zł/month for paper billing), which was widely criticized as prohibitive. Enea appears to have revised this: the current official fee is 30.75 zł/month (gross), reduced to 18.45 zł/month if you opt for electronic billing. This fee is for each metering system (so typically per connection). Enea’s dynamic offer is thus more viable after the fee adjustment, but it still means an extra cost that could eat into savings. Enea suggests the offer is best for customers with annual usage >300 MWh (especially businesses), implying it’s targeting larger consumers who can actively manage loads.

• Energa: Energa (part of Orlen Group, serving northern Poland) has a dynamic tariff simply called “Oferta dynamiczna” for households and an equivalent for business. Energa’s home offer invites customers to “plan your usage the day before to save as much as possible”. They provide next-day price data (15-minute intervals) by 17:00 on the customer’s Energa24 online account, so you can see when power will be cheap or expensive. Energa’s dynamic plan is notable for using 15-minute granularity (they publish quarter-hour prices), which suggests they might incorporate intra-day market periods or at least prepare for 15-min settlement. Energa also refers customers to an URE brochure on dynamic pricing for full understanding. Regarding fees, Energa has been relatively modest: according to reports, Energa’s dynamic offer has two variants with monthly fees of 9.99 zł and 14.99 zł (gross) respectively – likely the difference might relate to additional services or whether the customer is also buying other products. Energa was seen as one of the more consumer-friendly providers in this area (along with Tauron), perhaps because of the lower barrier costs.

• E.ON Polska: E.ON (formerly Innogy, serving the Warsaw area) is also obligated to offer dynamic pricing. E.ON’s dynamic tariff information is available through their website (though behind interactive forms). E.ON’s messaging to customers highlights that with dynamic pricing, you “have influence over your bill” and can benefit if you use energy when it’s cheaper. While details on their specific fees and terms are less public, Gramwzielone.pl (a renewable energy news site) reported that E.ON does not charge a trading fee if the customer uses electronic invoices. That suggests E.ON’s offer might be relatively straightforward: pay hourly prices without an extra monthly charge (provided you go paperless). If so, that’s a competitive approach. E.ON likely recovers costs via a small margin on the kWh price instead. As E.ON mostly serves urban customers (many of whom have smart meters installed recently in Warsaw), it has a significant pool of potential dynamic tariff adopters.

In addition to the above incumbents, some smaller energy suppliers and new entrants have begun to offer innovative tariffs. For example, companies like Fortum, Innogy (now E.ON), and even some energy startups or trading companies could offer dynamic or semi-dynamic products to commercial clients. However, as of 2025 the market is still dominated by the big five, and those are the ones formally required to provide dynamic plans to all consumer classes. It’s worth noting that dynamic tariffs are often marketed under special names by each supplier (e.g., Enea’s “Energia+ Spot”, PGE’s “Dynamiczna Energia”, etc.), and they may have slightly different rules or add-ons, but fundamentally they all tie the energy price to TGE’s hourly market.

Practical Example: To illustrate, suppose a household in Warsaw signs up for E.ON’s dynamic tariff. They have a smart meter installed. Each day they check E.ON’s app or TGE’s site to see tomorrow’s hourly prices. On a windy spring day, they might see that from 1:00–5:00 the price is 0.20–0.30 zł/kWh, during noon it drops to 0.10 zł (very cheap due to solar), but at 19:00–20:00 it spikes to 1.00 zł/kWh. They can then decide to run their dishwasher and charge their electric car at night when it’s cheap, avoid using the electric dryer at 19:00, etc. Their bill at month’s end will reflect these hourly usages times the corresponding prices, plus the small supplier margin and taxes. If they manage to shift a lot of load to cheap hours, they could beat the standard fixed price (especially since the government cap ends after September 2025 – at which point fixed tariffs will likely jump). However, if they use a lot during peaks, they could pay more. This kind of active management is what the dynamic tariffs incentivize.

In conclusion, all major Polish suppliers now offer dynamic tariffs to those equipped with smart meters, marking a significant modernization of the retail market. While still in early stages, these products give consumers and businesses the opportunity to directly tap into wholesale price trends. The suppliers listed above are the go-to sources for such tariffs, each with their own branding but abiding by the common regulatory framework. Interested customers in 2025 can visit their supplier’s website (as linked) or contact them to switch to a dynamic pricing plan – though they should weigh the pros and cons carefully and ensure they have the tools (smart meter, flexibility, information) to benefit from this new system. The Polish regulator and government view dynamic tariffs as a step toward a smarter, more responsive energy system, complementing the broader transition in the electricity market.

Peak and Off-Peak Hours

Poland 2024 – Average Hourly Wholesale Electricity Price (TGE)